Best College in Patna for MCA, MBA, BCA, BBA, BA JMC & B.COM
| Unit | Topic | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | Graph Theory | Basic terminology, multigraphs and weighted graphs, paths and circuits, searching techniques: BFS, DFS and their applications, shortest paths in weighted graphs, Eulerian paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, Traveling Salesperson problem, planar graphs, trees and rooted trees, prefix codes, minimal spanning trees, cut sets, directed graphs. |
| Unit 2 | Finite Automata and Regular Languages | Deterministic and non-deterministic finite automata, regular expressions, regular languages and their relationship with finite automata, pumping lemma and closure properties of regular languages. |
| Unit 3 | Context Free Grammars and Pushdown Automata | Context free grammars (CFG), parse trees, ambiguities in grammars and languages, pushdown automaton (PDA) and the language accepted by PDA, deterministic PDA, non-deterministic PDA, properties of context free languages; normal forms, pumping lemma, closure properties, decision properties. |
| Unit 4 | Turing Machines | Turing machine as a model of computation, programming with a Turing machine, variants of Turing machine and their equivalence. |
| Unit 5 | Undecidability | Recursively enumerable and recursive languages, undecidable problems about Turing machines: halting problem, Post Correspondence Problem, and undecidability problems about CFGs. |
| Unit | Topic | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Digital Logic Circuit | Number Systems – Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal, Boolean Algebra, Map Simplification, Logic gates, Combinational Circuits, Adder, Subtractor, Multiplexer, Decoders, Sequential Circuits, Flip Flops, Registers, Counters. |
| Unit II | Memory | Internal Memory – RAM and ROM CHIPS, External Memory – Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disk, RAID, Optical Memory, Memory Organization – Associative Memory, Virtual memory, Cache Memory. |
| Unit III | Central Processing Unit | Arithmetic and Logic Unit – Instruction sets, Characteristics and function, Machine Instruction Characteristics, Type of operands, Type of operations, Addressing Modes and Format, Processor Organization, Instruction Cycle, Instruction Pipelining. |
| Unit IV | Peripherals | External devices, I/O Modules, Programmed I/O, Interrupt driven I/O, Direct Memory Access, I/O Channels and Processors, The external Interface, Asynchronous Data transfer. |
| Unit V | Advanced Architecture | Reduced Instruction Sets Computers, RISC Pipelining, The RISC Versus CISC, Super Scalar Processors – Design issues, Parallel Processing, Multi-Processing Vector Computation, Parallel Processors. |
| Unit | Topic | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Concepts, Operator Overloading, Friends | Concepts in object-oriented programming, Classes and Objects, C++ programming basics, Object-oriented analysis, Object-oriented Design methods, Operator Overloading, Friend functions and operators. |
| Unit II | Arrays, Pointers and Inheritance | Arrays, Pointers and inheritance: Derived classes, the protected access specifier, Derived class constructors, Overriding Member functions, Class Hierarchies, Public and Private inheritance, Multiple Inheritance and other types of inheritance. |
| Unit III | Polymorphism, Virtual Functions, Files | Polymorphism: Virtual Functions, Abstract base classes and Pure Virtual Functions, File and Streams, Templates, Generic Programming. |
| Unit IV | Concepts | Object Oriented Analysis, Object Oriented Design Method, Object Model, Classes and Object, Nature Relationship among Objects, Nature of a class, Relationship among classes, Identifying Classes and Object, Key abstraction and mechanism, Module and Process diagram UML. |
| Unit V | Methods | Notational elements – Class, State Transition Object, Interaction, OMT analysis (James & Rumbaugh), Comparison of various Object Oriented Analysis of Design Methodologies, Case Studies. |
| Unit | Topic | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Operating System Overview | What is an Operating System (OS), Goals of an Operating System, Generations of Operating Systems, Types of Operating Systems, Functions of OS. |
| Unit II | Processes | Concept of Process, System Calls for Process Management, Process Scheduling, Scheduling Algorithms, scheduling, Performance evaluation of the Scheduling Algorithms, Interprocess Communication, Interprocess Synchronization, Semaphores, Classical problems in concurrent programming, Deadlock detection and recovery, deadlock avoidance, Deadlock prevention and other issues. |
| Unit III | Memory Management | Overlays and Swapping, Logical and Physical Address Space, Single Process Monitor, Contiguous Memory Methods, Paging, Principles of operation, Page allocation, Hardware Support for Paging, Protection and Sharing, Segmentation, Principles of operation, Address Translation Protection and Sharing. Virtual Memory, Principles of operation, Virtual Memory management, Protection and sharing, Demand paging, Page Replacement policies, Thrashing, Working Set Model, Page Fault Rate, Demand Segmentation, Combined Systems, Segmented paging, Paged segmentation. |
| Unit IV | I/O and File Management | Organization of the I/O function, I/O Buffering, Disk Organization, Disk Scheduling, RAID, Disk Cache, Command language user’s view of File System, The System programmer’s view of the file System, The Operating systems’ view of file Management, Directories, Disk Space Management, Disk address translation, File related system services, Asynchronous Input / Output. |
| Unit V | Distributed Operating Systems | History of Distributed Computing, Distributed Systems, Key features and Advantages of a Distributed System, Design Goals of Distributed Systems, Design Issues Involved in Distributed Systems, Distributed System Structure, Mutual Exclusion in Distributed Systems, Remote Procedure Calls Other Middleware Technologies. |
| Unit | Topic | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Review on Fundamentals of Databases | Concepts, Architecture, ER Modelling, Relational Databases, Fundamental and extended operations in Relational Database Model, SQL, basic and Complex queries in SQL. Database Normalization and Security: Normalization of Database Tables, Transaction and concurrency control, Database security, Authorization and Encryption. |
| Unit II | Object Relational Database Systems | Objects, Object Identity, and Reference Types, Inheritance, Features of Object-relational Systems, Database Design for an ORDBMS, New Challenges in Implementing an ORDBMS, OODBMS, Comparing RDBMS with OODBMS and ORDBMS. Emerging Database Technologies: Active Database Concepts and Triggers, Temporal Database, Multimedia Databases, Spatial Databases, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Deductive Databases. |
| Unit III | Distributed Databases | Introduction to Distributed DBMS, Client-Server Model, Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design. Types of distributed database systems: Federated database systems, Multi-database systems; Query processing in distributed databases. XML and Internet Databases: Structured, unstructured and semi structured data, XML Hierarchical data model, XML document, DTD and XML Schema, XML documents and databases, and XML query. |
| Unit IV | Data Warehousing | Characteristics of data warehouses, Data warehousing Components – Building a Data warehouse, Typical functionality of a data warehouse: Mapping the Data Warehouse to a Multiprocessor Architecture – DBMS Schemas for Decision Support – Data Extraction, Cleanup, and Transformation Tools – Metadata. |
| Unit | Topic | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Introduction to Computer Networking Concepts | Local, Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks; Telecommunications and Cellular Networks Overview, Physical Layer - Basics of communications, Transmission Media, Protocols and standards, Standards Organizations, Line Configuration, Topology, Transmission mode, Network Signals, Wired and Wireless media including copper cables, optical fiber and Wireless, Multiplexing and switching methods. |
| Unit II | Data Link Layer and Logical Link Control (LLC) | Framing, Error control including Bit-parity, CRC and Hamming Codes, Reliable transmission and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocols including Stop-and-Wait, Go-back-N, Selective Repeat. Performance analysis of ARQ protocols. Example protocols such as HDLC and PPP. |
| Unit III | Medium Access Control (MAC) | Shared media systems, Bus, Star and Ring topologies, TDMA, FDMA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, Ethernet, related protocols such as ICMP, NAT, ARP and RARP. |
| Unit IV | Network Layer | Internet Protocol (IP) suite, Hierarchical network architectures, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and headers, Routing protocols including distance-vector and link-state approaches, Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocol concepts, Routing Algorithms including Dijkstra’s algorithm and distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm; Example protocols: OSPF, RIP, BGP. |
| Unit V | Transport Layer | Reliable end-to-end transmission protocols, UDP header; Details of TCP header and operation including options headers and congestion control, TCP variants such as Reno, Tahoe, Vegas, Compound and CUBIC. |
| Unit VI | Application Layer | Socket Interface, Socket programming; Example Protocols such as DNS, SMTP, FTP and HTTP. |